In the treatment of ophthalmic pathologies, the operation in the eyes is considered the most effective means.Thanks to modernized medical technologies, eye surgical interventions are carried out very quickly.They cause practically no damage to the eyeball, but sometimes unforeseen complications can occur.Since each operation has its own contraindications, the type of surgery is individually selected, depending on the type of disease.To reduce the risk of unsuccessful results after treatment, doctors recommend that you pass all the necessary tests.
Indications
The procedure is prescribed after an in -depth visual inspection and all the necessary diagnostic procedures.Any operation is a risk, therefore, before advising the operation, the doctor will try conservative treatment methods using drug treatment.Surgery is only prescribed if the drugs do not give the desired results.Indications for surgery:
- eye dystrophy;
- Belm training on the cornea;
- keratoconus;
- traumatic damage to the visual organ;
- keratoglobus;
- Serious pathological changes in the organ.
Types and driving
Before the operation, it is necessary to undergo diagnoses, the doctor will express the list of tests during the consultation.Vision correction methods are individually selected by each patient, they can be recommended to the patient with cataracts, myopia, strabismus, halazion, glaucoma and other dangerous deviations.During manipulations, ophthalmologists use modern medical equipment, the intervention is carried out using a microscope, the vision is adjusted by very small incisions.Since the operation is simple and weak-traumatic, long-term hospitalization is not required.After 2 to 3 hours, the doctor explains in detail to the patient all the nuances of the recovery period, how to take care of the eye and let him go home.The hospital is only recommended with serious pathologies (retinal detachment, serious inflammation, penetrating injuries).There are such types of operations:
- laser surgery;
- Vitrectomy;
- Trabekulectomy;
- LTP, lie;
- Focoemulsification;
- sclerroplasty;
- keratoplasty;
- Enucleation of the eye;
- replacement of objective refraction;
- Reticulation;
- Anti-co-humorous operations.
Laser vision correction
Do the operation for damage and ruptures of the retina.Before agreeing, the patient must undergo an in -depth examination.The drops that develop the pupil dripping before the intervention.Using a laser, the eyes are made by microsurgery (the weak fabric areas are welded), this prevents the penetration of the liquid, then the detachment.The laser coagulation of the retina is simple, takes several minutes in time, even the children tolerate it well.
The operation takes place under local anesthesia.During the recovery period, the patient is recommended to abandon active sports, bad habits and physical overloads.The negative consequences of the laser vision correction can be manifested in 3 hours - it is an increased secretion of tears, photophobia, redness, discomfort and friction in the eye.Doctors do not recommend this procedure under the age of 18.The percentage of vision restoration after laser correction is very important.
Keratoplasty
With irreversible pathological changes in the eye, the Okulists recommend this procedure.The operation of restoration of vision and eyes after the injury consists in the complete elimination of the pathologically modified tissues of the cornea, which are then replaced by a donor.There may be many reasons for surgery - it is keratoconus, serious damage to tissues in the eyeball, EED, ulcerative changes caused by fungal infections and genetic predisposition.In surgery, local anesthesia is used.Using the instruments, the doctor must remove the evil horn and replace it with a healthy, after which the seams are applied.Time takes about 2 hours.The recovery period is 1 year.The eyes are recommended to protect with glasses, which will prevent organ injuries, complications after surgery.
Glass
Correct the vision with pathologically modified vessels on the retina and when removed.Thanks to the manipulations led by professionals, the doctor will have access to the back of the eye.After removal, the glassy body is replaced by donor material.A saline solution, silicone oil, polymers and urgent compounds of the performer are used as a special liquid.In ophthalmology, vitrectomy is considered to be a micro -vasical methodology, interference in the visual organ system is minimal, which contributes to the patient's return to the patient.Using this method, it is possible to restore the structure of the retina, to prevent the development of pathologies, whose names are traction and retinopathy.
Since the air is filled with many dust particles, in order to prevent infection after correction of the organ, it is necessary to closely stick the eye operated with a bandage for a certain time.
Anti-co-humorous operations
Eye surgery should be used if the treatment with drugs is not authorized, and only after a complete examination.This type of intervention does not cause pain, it is done quickly, generally prescribed for the treatment of closed and open angle, and when the vessels germinate inside the eyes.The essence of the procedure is to eliminate the accumulated liquid inside the organ, it is carried out by a laser.The most effective methodology is considered to be a unmooling deep sclerectomy.In the therapy process, the corneal layer surgically interpreted, thereby reducing an increase in intraocular pressure.The possible consequences of operations of this type can be expressed in the formation of scars, at the beginning your eyes can be red.
Retication
A fairly new method of treatment of keratoconous, using it, can prevent the development of the disease in the initial stages.Use of a tool whose name is a boring and dripping lamp of vitamin B in the Orbeille2, it is possible to strengthen the cornea and stabilize the patient's condition.The most of the procedure is that manipulation is only carried out once, 1 hour is enough to carry it out.After reducing the risk of injury, a special protective lens is placed on the eyeball.
Eye enucleation
It is a complex surgical operation, it is only prescribed in extreme cases, if an organ cannot be saved in a different way.The eyes are completely removed from the eyeshand of the eyes, and the fiberglass prosthesis is established in its place, it will seem real.During driving, side effects can develop, these are unforeseen inflammatory processes and a displacement of the implant.The testimony includes pathologies such as:
- glaucoma to a terminal degree;
- the appearance of pain and the development of inflammation in the blind organ;
- Serious injuries and neoplasms.
Refractory replacement of the lens
During surgery, the damaged element of the visual system with an artificial system occurs.When selecting an intraocular lens, the patient's individual characteristics are taken into account (age, sex).The procedure lasts 25 minutes, local anesthesia is used, surgical manipulations take place without blood.Thanks to microdnaras, using ultrasound, the objective is transformed into an emulsion and removed from the eye.Refraction replacement is made by pathologies such as:
- run myopia and hyperopia;
- presbyopia;
- laser correction prohibition;
- High degree hyperopia, which can cause glaucoma;
- Violation of refraction and rapid loss of visual function.
Correction of the Eximerlazer vision
Surgical intervention is recommended for eye pathologies such as strabismus, astigmatism, clandestinity.There are several ways to achieve, it is a Lasik FEMO, Federal Republic of the Criminal Code, Lasik.The doctor cuts the upper layer of the cornea, its curvature is modified using an excessive laser cold beam, it is best to use local anesthesia and mediocre.After a Correction Eximerlazer, the patient gets rid of the problem, because the procedure is effective 99%, in the most in front of other interventions.An unsuccessful operation leads to hyper-correction, causes redness and the corneal layer seems to be ignited.
Correction of strabismus
The eye surgery of strabismus aims to correct the symmetrical position of the organ.Surgical intervention is divided into two types: it is an increase in muscles which are responsible for the movement of the visual organ and relief in the oculomotor muscle.In the first case, part of the muscular system, as well as anti-position and tenrafia, are rescued, in second, they change the place of muscle fixation, lengthen it by plasticity.The method to turn to, the surgeon decides, given the individual factors and the degree of severity of the pathology.
Scrleroplasty
Doctors recommend refer to this type of intervention with an uncontrolled development of myopia.Using the methodology, strengthening and stabilizing the patient's condition, stop vision loss.Scleroplasty is shown to children and adolescents at the age of 17 during the active growth period, with these pathologies of the eye as a rapid development of myopia.
After removing the eye at the beginning, the patient may feel intense pain, in this case, you must consult your doctor and choose the good pain relievers.
Removal of training
Surgical intervention of this type is indicated for halazium, cystic neoplasms of conjunctiva and ptégium.Holding growth with tweezers, the doctor cuts it more to eliminate the negative consequences, the wound is cauterized.To prevent infection, an antibiotic ointment is applied to the eyelids and sterile bandage is used.The drawback is that the disease can develop again, in this case, the return to this method of therapy cannot be avoided.
Withdrawal of cataracts
During microsurgery, a pathologically modified lens is deleted, therapy is carried out using the laser and ultrasonic phacoemulsification.Special surgical tools through micronads are lightened and removed from the eye, replaced by artificial.Sometimes they carry out a procedure called intracapsular and extracapsular extraction.